Defining toughness in college hoops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characterizing durability in school bands - Essay Example It is clear from the examination that Jay Bilas, the writer of the article â€Å"Defining sturdiness in school hoops† explained that his unique impression of durability was â€Å"physical and dependent on how much discipline I could hand out and the amount I could take†. In this way, by utilizing unequivocal portrayal of what strength was not really what it clearly implies, the creator began setting up his contentions utilizing portrayal, depiction, and examination. For instance, the rules explained setting a decent screen, the creator characterized the stuff for b-ball players to show the important activities as far as â€Å"improving the odds for a colleague to get open†¦and incredibly improving your odds of getting open. A decent screen can compel the safeguard to make a mistake†. Conversely, setting an awful screen was not successfully depicted. The main clarification gave was that â€Å"a lethargic or awful screen is a misuse of everybody's time and en ergy†. The definition is missing and deficient to plainly separate dissimilarity with a viable procedure. Also, as perusers get the opportunity to assess the rules, it was evident that the creator didn't give a successful structure or intelligent configuration of introduction. In such manner, there is inability to utilize intelligent thinking. The rules, however successful in the whole, could have been introduced in a progressively coherent structure that arranges the points in sub-headings. For instance, the creator clarified â€Å"set a decent screen† and another point as â€Å"don’t get screened†. These points could really be lumped together under ‘techniques for viable screening’. ... Another model is the author’s conversation on: â€Å"jump to the ball† (Bilas 2) and â€Å"play the ball, see your man† (Bilas 3); which could again be talked about in one sub-heading that could be entitled ‘tough methods of taking care of the ball’. The rules were obviously written in no specific request and could have been introduced relying upon the thoughts that struck a chord. It could be defended however that since the writer realized that the article was explicitly composed with b-ball lovers, especially players, as the crowd of his talk, the style, configuration or structure would not be inspected and investigated to decrease the veracity of the substance. Notwithstanding, taking into account that the creator was properly settled as an eminent ball expert, his believability in giving the data was legitimately approved. Further, as showed from the talk, his own encounters playing â€Å"in the ACC, for USA Basketball, in NBA preparing camps, a nd as an expert ball player in Europe† (Bilas 1) has demonstrated that he was gained huge expert in to transfer competency in the subject. The capacity to fit in with ethos because of his respectable foundation made his conflicts and contentions substantial. At last, the article’s capacity to more the crowd through evoking passionate intrigue could be seen as compelling. The principle backing to approve the author’s achievement was his account talk confirming that when he at first composed a short blog on the point, the reaction was â€Å"overwhelming. Many school ball mentors called to reveal to me that they had put the article up in the storage space, put it in every player's storage, or had gone over it in detail with

Musical Style and Innovations of Beethoven Essay

Melodic Style and Innovations Beethoven is seen as a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic periods of melodic history. Most importantly, his works separate themselves from those of any earlier author through his making of enormous, expanded architectonic structures portrayed by the broad improvement of melodic material, subjects, and themes, as a rule by methods for â€Å"modulation†, that is, an adjustment in the sentiment of the home key, through an assortment of keys or symphonious districts. Despite the fact that Haydn’s later works regularly demonstrated a more prominent ease between removed keys, Beethoven’s development was the capacity to quickly set up a robustness in comparing various keys and startling notes to go along with them. This extended symphonious domain makes a feeling of a huge melodic and experiential space through which the music moves, and the improvement of melodic material makes a feeling of unfurling dramatization in this space. Along these lines Beethoven’s music matches the concurrent advancement of the novel in writing, a scholarly structure concentrated on the existence show and improvement of at least one people through complex life conditions, and of contemporaneous German idealism’s philosophical thought of self, brain, or soul that unfurls through a mind boggling procedure of logical inconsistencies and strains between the abstract and target until a goals or union happens in which these inconsistencies and forma tive stages have been settled or included in a higher solidarity. Beethoven kept on growing the â€Å"development† segment of works, broadening a pattern in progress of Haydn and Mozart, who had significantly extended both the length and substance of instrumental music. As Beethoven’s major prompt antecedents and impacts, he looked to their consonant and formal models for his own works. In any case, both Mozart and Haydn put the extraordinary load of a melodic development in the announcement of thoughts called the piece, for Beethoven the advancement area of a sonata structure turned into the core of the work. Beethoven had the option to do this by making the improvement area not just more, yet additionally progressively organized. The extremely long advancement segment of the Eroica Symphony, for instance, is partitioned into four generally equivalent segments, making it, basically, a sonata structure inside a sonata structure. The principal development alone of this ensemble is up to a whole run of the mill Italian-style Mozart orch estra from the 1770s. His emphasis on the turn of events would, similar to others of his developments, set a precedent that later authors would follow. In spite of the fact that Beethoven composed numerous wonderful and expressive tunes, another extreme advancement of his music, contrasted particularly with that of Mozart and Haydn, is his broad utilization of powerful, checked, and even obvious cadenced examples all through his pieces and, specifically, in his subjects and themes, some of which are principally musical as opposed to melodic. A portion of his most well known topics, for example, those of the principal developments of the Third, Fifth, and Ninth orchestras, are fundamentally non-melodic cadenced figures comprising of notes of a solitary harmony, and the subjects of the last developments of the Third and Seventh ensembles could more precisely be portrayed as rhythms as opposed to as tunes. This utilization of cadence was especially appropriate to the supremacy of improvement in Beethoven’s music, since a solitary musical example can more effectively than a song be taken through a progression of various, even remote, keys and symphonious districts while holding and passing on a hidden solidarity. This permitted him to join various highlights of his topics in a wide assortment of ways, broadening the procedures of Haydn being developed (see Sonata Form). He additionally proceeded with another pattern †towards bigger ensembles †that went on until the primary decade of the twentieth century, and moved the focal point of the sound downwards in the symphony, to the violas and the lower register of the violins and cellos, giving his music a heavier and darker feel than Haydn or Mozart. Gustav Mahler changed the organization of some of Beethoven’s music †most prominently the 3d and ninth ensembles †with the possibility of all the more precisely communicating Beethoven’s aim in a symphony that had become such a great amount of bigger than the one Beethoven utilized: for instance, multiplying woodwind parts to make up for the way that a cutting edge symphony has such a significant number of a bigger number of strings than Beethoven’s symphony did. Obviously, these endeavors stay dubious. In his Fifth Symphony Beethoven presented a striking theme, drawn from a late Haydn ensemble, in the initial bar, w hich he resounded in different structures in each of the four developments of the orchestra. This is the principal significant event of cyclic structure. He was additionally partial to making regular what had recently been uncommon: in the Fifth Symphony, rather ofâ using a dignified minuet, as had been the standard for the â€Å"dance† development of a four-development work, he made a dim walk, which he utilized as the third development and ran into the fourth without interference. While one can highlight past works which had at least one of these individual highlights, his music, joined with the utilization of operatic scoring that he gained from Mehul and Cherubini, made a work which was by and large novel as a result †excessively novel, truth be told, for certain pundits of the time. Then again, his contemporary Spohr found the finale â€Å"too baroque†, however he lauded the subsequent development as being in â€Å"good Romantic style†. His Ninth Symphony remembered a tune and solo voices for the fourth development just because, and utilized fugues, which were commonly viewed as an alternate type of music, and again strange in ensembles. He thought of one drama, Fidelio. It has been said that he composed wonderful vocal music without respect for the impediments of human artists, regarding the voice as though it were a musical instrument †despite the fact that his discussion books note his longing to make his music singable and incorporate references that show that he had recalled his father’s singing exercises. Beethoven’s improvement and works are regularly isolated into three periods: an early period wherein his works show particularly the impact of Mozart and Haydn; a center, develop period in which he built up his unmistakable individual style, some of the time described as â€Å"heroic†; and a late period, where he composed works of a profoundly advanced, individuated, now and again divided and strange style once in a while portrayed as â€Å"transcendent† and â€Å"sublime†, where he attempted to join the rococo thoughts of Handel and Bach with his symbols Mozart and Haydn. In his late years he called Handel â€Å"my excellent master†. Rather than Mozart, he toiled vigorously over his work, leaving middle of the road drafts that give impressive knowledge into his inventive procedure. Early drafts of his Ninth Symphony utilized harsh vertical checks on the score instead of genuine notes, to show the structure he had at the top of the priority list for the tune. Investigations of his sketch books show the working out of many minor departure from a specific topic, changing subjects to fit with a general structure that advanced after some time, and broad outlining of counter-tunes.

Cell phones cause a cancer risk Essay Sample

Cell phones cause a cancer risk Essay Sample The 1990s were the years when people started using mobile phones. The number of active users was growing with every year. People spent more and more time holding a phone in hands or near the ear. Adults and children spend a lot of time next to the cell devices today that make the whole picture of using various gadgets completely different from the one that we could observe ten years ago. The concern about the fact that cell phones cause cancer appeared because mobile devices produce energy that is called radio-frequency signal or RF. People feel worried about the future of their health the future life of their kids as it’s hard to imagine a family that doesn’t have a phone. Is there any risk of having a brain tumor because of using the gadget? Myths and legends make people look for scientific proves that give the right answer to this question. Do mobile phones cause cancer? Smartphones work the same way as all the other mobile devices that you can find in any store. As we all know, there are various types of signals like microwaves, FM waves or X-rays. Every type of signal has its strength and the level of influence on the human’s body. The signals produced by a phone are similar to the FM signals that are called as non-ionizing emission. It means they are not so powerful to change the DNA of a cell and cause disease because of it. We know that UV waves and X-rays can change the DNA parts and cause serious problems with health. They belong to an opposite group of waves that are called ionizing emission. If we take a closer look at the work of microwaves, we will notice that these waves can heat the food that we put inside of it. If we use the RF signals at a high level for a long time, it will produce the same effect on the cells that are located close to the phone. Harmful effects of mobile phones Every cell phone has an antenna that is hidden inside the body of the gadget. The level of emission is the highest inside the device and it falls down together with the distance. The close and longer we hold the gadgets near head the more we are exposed to the RF emission. Of course, there are some things that influence the level of emission perceived by human cells such as: Period of time; Miles to the device; Miles to the closest tower; Number of active users per a tower; Model of the device. The conclusion here is easy for understanding. There are reliable cell phone radiation facts today. The more and the closer the phone is near our heads the more radiation our cells receive. We won’t become hot like a sausage in the microwave, but we will influence the work of the cells anyhow. The dangers of cell phones There’s a special measure that can calculate the amount of radiation received by the cells of the human body. It’s called the specific absorption rate or SAR. Cell phone radiation levels differ from model to model. All the manufacturers are obliged to inform their buyers about the highest SAR level produced by their gadgets. The limit is 1,6 W/kg for the gadgets sold on the territory of the US. It’s dangerous to buy a device that doesn’t have this information. Considering these figures as a norm is not a good idea. Every manufacturer states the maximum limit that can be reached in specific situations. Cell phones and cancer are the terms as are considered to be synonyms for some people. There’s no urgent need to panic without a thorough investigation of what the real influence of devices is. Cell phone radiation effects on human body All the experiments that were conducted in laboratories proved that cell phone radiation effects are neutral. Animals didn’t suffer from any kind of tumor in any part of the body after active absorption of RF emission. There are no proofs besides the rumors that RF emission can hurt the cells of a human body. Of course, no one will ever experiment with humans to check if it’s true for 100%, but the supposition is based on the lab experiment with animals. Can you get cancer from cell phone?

Themes Of Atonement - 971 Words

In Atonement by Ian McEwan, the literal meaning of the title is â€Å"reparation for a wrong.† Although the initial understanding of the meaning of the title is clear, the reader does not know what the apology or reparation is for. The reader only gradually discovers the purpose of the title through many events and through repetition and point of view. Throughout the novel, there are many themes that are portrayed and developed: guilt, water, sexual desire, etc. However, none are shown and are more actively represented than that of an atonement; an apology for wrong doings†¦ a reparation. Though there are many apologies present throughout the work, there are none more prominent or important than that of Briony Tallis. In the beginning of the†¦show more content†¦Robbie went searching for the twins on his own, a mistake that he would constantly think of in â€Å"his near future.† Briony also searched alone, later coming across two figures that were struggli ng on a secluded area of the enormous back yard. She discovers it to be Lola - raped and horrified. However, in the pitch darkness, Briony admits to herself that she could not see the man as he left the scene. Lola tells Briony she was unaware of who it was that had attacked her, but despite Briony’s self realization, she tells her terrified cousin that it was Robbie - â€Å"It was him. I saw him.† All members of the search party, except Robbie, came back inside to deal with the situation at hand; now more important and serious than the twins running off. Briony tells the police officers her statement, repeating the fact that she saw â€Å"him† with her own eyes. She even gave the letter that Robbie wrote Cecilia and gave it to the police as further proof of Robbie’s crazed and dangerous mind. Robbie returns to the house later, a police car awaiting his entrance, with the two boys - one on his shoulder, the other by his side. Five years later, the reader is brought into the world of Briony again. She is eighteen now and attends nursing school. However, Briony admits that she does not do nurses work because healing those in need is her passion, but she attends to make herself â€Å"useful,† and to makeShow MoreRelatedAtonement Theme979 Words   |  4 Pages The novella The Atonement by Ian McEwan produces a reoccurring theme of lost innocence. The children in the novella lose their childhood innocence after one wrongful accusation which tears the Tallis family apart. The setting in the novella develops the mood to be light and airy as the Tallis family resides in the English countryside. Nonetheless, the light and airy mood changes to one that is dark and full of mystery as the Second World War starts. Each character is tested by themselves and othersRead MoreAtonement Theme Love Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesIn Atonement, the theme of love is explored in a variety of different ways. McEwan explores many different kinds of love including romantic love, platonic love, self love and family love. One way that McEwan explores love in the novel is through letters. The epistolary form of the novel gives the readers an insight at what the characters are thinking and feeling, as they more profoundly express their feelings through their letters. For example, Robbie and Cecilia have expressed their feelings toRead MoreAtonement Theme Analysis1028 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"My darling one, you are young and lovely, But inexperienced, and though you think The world is at your feet, It can rise up and tread on you† (Part 1, Chapter 1, Page 16). Briony Tallis is an ambitious thirteen-year-old girl who dreams of one day becoming a famous author. Her first work is a play titled â€Å"The Trials of Arabella† that she writes and plans to perform in celebration of the return of her older brother Leon. This stanza was taken from Arabella’s father’s monologue as he explainsRead MoreEssay Topic: Discuss Point of View as a Technique and Theme in ‘Atonement’.1716 Words   |  7 Pagesfiction to create particular themes in such books as the Atonement by Ian McEwan, Jane Austen and many other authors. Using these styles has been spoken of as heightened literary skills which delivers to the reader what the author desires to reveal of their characters. It is an advanced and old style that can be used to bring forth the many perceptions created by the writer. This essay will discuss how point of view is used as a technique and thereupon the theme of atonement within free indirect styleRead MoreFrank Wede kinds Spring Awakening And Atonement1568 Words   |  7 PagesFrank Wedekind’s Spring Awakening and Ian McEwan’s Atonement examine the notion that those who abuse power do so for personal gain. Through the use of themes such as: Power in sexuality, including notions of submission and dominance. Coming of age, regarding how children either don’t want to grow up, or contrastingly grow up too quickly. The power dichotomy between parents and children, contrasting children oppressed by their parents to those who act as a parental figure, and the use of guilt toRead MoreAtonement and in Memory of W. B Yeats765 Words   |  4 Pages‘In Memory of C. Tallis and R. Turner’ In this essay I will discuss the effects of W. H. Auden’s poem ‘In Memory of W. B. Yeats’ upon the tone, and the foreshadowing of plot line of Ian McEwan’s novel Atonement. The poem and the novel are both elegiac- it is the contribution of the poem to Atonement at the crucial point before the deaths of the characters Robbie and Cecilia that begins to set the tone of elegy within the novel. This acknowledgement of death and mourning brings a sense of impendingRead MoreOmnipotence and Atonement Throu Self-Reflective Narration Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pages Omnipotence and Atonement Through Self-Reflective Narration At first glance, Atonement is a war-torn love story of two star-crossed lovers and simultaneously the life-long struggle of a girl who feels she, and her lies, are responsible for keeping the couple apart. It is not until the end of the novel that readers are told Briony Tallis, the aforementioned young troubled girl, wrote the whole novel and changed the truths about the fates of the lovers, Robbie and Cecilia. This revelation highlightsRead MoreNovel: ‘Atonement’ by Ian Mcewan1242 Words   |  5 PagesNovel: ‘Atonement’ by Ian McEwan Social structures, upper class faà §ades and the meaning of truth are just some of the themes that Ian McEwan reveals in his book, ‘Atonement,’ through the various interrelationships of his characters. The characters and how they relate to each other help us as readers come to a better understanding of our own lives as through the novel we are forced into the tumultuous lives of the wealthy, naive and deceitful. Although this may seem far extreme compared to ourRead MoreEssay on Atonement by Ian McEwan785 Words   |  4 PagesAtonement by Ian McEwan Atonement comes from an at onement, the idea being that penance and suffering allows us to be at one with God or ourselves. The central theme of atonement is that of seeking forgiveness. This is manifested through the characters and their actions. In the book Atonement by Ian McEwan, the act carried out by Briony sets of a chain of events, for which either atonement is sought or society seeks atonement from. Brionys character is described as being compulsivelyRead More Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesHe is always selfish when with Hassan, treating him as a servant but expecting a best friend attitude in return. He then realizes his mistakes growing up in Afghanistan and America and changes his ways, trying to get redemption for himself, a key theme in the story. Amir always wants to get attention from his father in his childhood and feels that he is being neglected by his father because he writes stories whereas Hassan is an athletic person. Amir believes Hassan is the son that Baba never had

The Roman Law - 2088 Words

Lastly the last political piece to mention would be the Roman Law. This covers Rome s judicial system over the course of the empire. With this system, philosophy and the study of law became most prevalent. In today s world this system is no longer used however pieces linger on in judicial systems now. At Law school, you need to learn Roman Law in order to better understand judicial legal systems currently. Roman Law, like most Roman concepts are continually borrowed and altered throughout history, but the roots still trace back. In conclusion Politics in ancient times become quite prevalent in the modern day era. The US should give a lot of credit to the work the Romans did because they used it to shape their government. The freedom of†¦show more content†¦These names may seem familiar because we named the planets after Roman deities. This is significant because not only is there a city today called Rome, but all of our planet s reference Rome in this specific way. Other than just providing the names of our planet s, Polytheism actually spread to some societies in today s era. The most popular being that of Hinduism, Buddhism and Shintoism, all countries in the continent of Asia in which these religions originated and are most prevalent. This exemplifies the spread of religion around the world not just in the same region in which it started. Near the end of the Roman Empire the religion took a dramatic change and Christianity became the official language. This is relevant because the Roman’s take credit for spreading Christianity much like it is spread today. The two religions which directly came from Rome were the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics, which was then based off regional Western and Eastern Christians. Religion not only brings positives into the world, it also causes conflicts. Whether you are looking at the crusades or the Holocaust, Religion sparks hatred. In the book People, Divination, Politics and Ancient Near Eastern Empires, Alan Lenzi writesâ€Å"The Roman ritual evocation which is linked to siege warfare presents us with a good structural parallel of how religion is used not only to influence one’s own troops but also

Efficacy Of Dynamic Splinting Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(551) " Glides Anteriorly On Femur Femur Glides Posteriorly On Tibia Tibia Glides Posteriorly On Femur Femur Glides Anteriorly On Tibia from 20o articulatio genuss flexure to full extension from full articulatio genus extension to 20o flexure Tibia rotates externally Femur rotates internally on stable shinbone Tibia rotates internally Femur rotates externally on stable shinbone THE â€Å" SCREW-HOME † Mechanism: Rotation between the shinbone and thighbone occurs automatically between full extension \( 0o \) and 20o of articulatio genus flexure\." The process has proven to both dependable and lasting. A successful entire articulatio genus replacing allows patient to restart about all activities of day-to-day populating with minimum trouble. In most instances patients no longer necessitate external AIDSs or chronic medicines. We will write a custom essay sample on Efficacy Of Dynamic Splinting Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally entire articulatio genus replacing helps patients to keep their overall ego regard. Entire articulatio genus replacing is indicated when there is unremitting terrible hurting in the articulatio genus with or without malformation. The pain/ malformation may be due to osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and assorted non specific arthritis. It relieves hurting, provides mobility and right malformation. Entire articulatio genus replacing is a surgical process in which injured or damaged parts of the articulatio genus articulation are replaced with unreal parts. The process is performed by seperating the musculuss and ligaments around the articulatio genus to expose the articulatio genus capsule. The articulatio genus capsule is opened, exposed the interior of the joint. The terminal of the thighbone and tibial are removed. The unreal parts are cemented into topographic point. The articulatio genus will dwell of metal shell at the terminal of the thighbone, a metal and plastic trough on the shinbone and if needed a fictile button in the cap. In a manner this could be more suitably called a Knee resurfacing operation. The common pathology for entire knee replacing is knee flexure contracture. Definition: Flexure contracture is defined as the shortening of the connective tissue thereby stiffening the joint. It is due to fastening of the posterior capsule combined with the tightening of biceps femoris and indirect ligaments. Hence rehabilitation plan should be undertaken shortly after TKA to keep joint scope of gesture. In peculiar this survey examined the value of dynamic splinting in increasing scope of gesture and cut downing the flexure contracture. Dynamic splinting utilizes the biomechanical version of maintaining the articulation at end-range to accomplish a physiological alteration of molecular realignment to stretch the connective tissue. This protocol of low-load, prolonged-duration stretch with dynamic tenseness continually reduces the contracture. ANATOMY OF KNEE JOINT: The articulatio genus articulation is the largest and most complex articulation in the organic structure. It is synovial modified flexible joint articulation. It is formed by merger and median tibio- femoral and patella- femoral articulation. ARTICULAR Surfaces: It is comprised the Femoral condyles: distal terminal of thighbone Tibial condyles: proximal terminal of shinbone. Patellar facetes: posterior surface of kneecap. Femoral condyles: The articular surfaces of thighbone are block shaped. The femoral condyles are convex in both planes. They are extended interiorly by the block shaped patellar surfaces. The cervix of the block is represented anteriorly by the cardinal channel on the patellar surface and posteriorly by the intercondylar notch. 111 Tibial condyle: The tibial surfaces are in return curved and comprises two curved and concave analogue troughs which are separated by a blunt distinction running antero- posteriorly distinction lodges the two intercondylar tubercles. Tibio-femoral articulations: The tibial condyles correspond to the femoral condyles while the inter condylar tibial tubercles come to within the femoral intercondylar notch, these surfaces constitute functionally the tibio-femoral articulation. Femero-patellar articulations: The aspects of kneecap correspond to the patellar surface of the thighbone while the perpendicular ridge of the kneecap fits into the cardinal channel of the thighbone. LIGAMENTS OF KNEE JOINT: Medial indirect ligament: It is flattened set rhomboidal in outine. It is attached above to the median epicondyle of thighbone, below to the median border and the bordering median surface of shinbone. Function: restrain valgus rotary motion Lateral indirect ligament: Function: restrain varus rotary motion and resist internal rotary motion kneeanat Anterior cruciate ligament: It is attached below to the anterior portion of the intercondylar country of shinbone between the anterior terminals of sidelong and median semilunar gristles. Above it is attached to the posterior portion of the median surface of sidelong femoral condyle. Function: To defy anterior supplanting of the shinbone on the thighbone when the articulatio genus is flexed To defy varus or valgus rotary motion of the shinbone, particularly in the absence of the collateral ligaments Resists internal rotary motion of the shinbone. Posterior cruciate ligament: It is attached below to the posterior portion of intercondylar country of shinbone, buttocks to the fond regard of posterior terminal of median semilunar gristle. Above it is attached to the anterior portion of sidelong surface of the median condyle of thighbone. Function: To let femoral push back in flexure Resist posterior interlingual rendition of the tibia relation to the thighbone Controls external rotary motion of the shinbone with increasing articulatio genus flexure. Retention of the PCL in entire articulatio genus replacing has been shown biomechanically to supply normal kinematic push back of the thighbone on the shinbone. This besides is of import for bettering the lever arm of the quadriceps mechanism with flexure of the articulatio genus. MUSCLES OF KNEE JOINT: Quadricepss femoris Popliteus Semitendinosus Semimembranous Sartorius Bicepss femoris Gastrocnemius Plantaris BURSAE AROUND THE KNEE JOINT: Anteriorly: The suprapatellar Bursa The prepatellar Bursa Superficial intrapatellar Bursa Deep infrapatellar Bursa Laterally: A Bursa between sidelong indirect ligament and biceps tendon A Bursa between sidelong indirect ligament and popliteus sinew Popliteus Bursa lies between the popliteus and sidelong condyle of thighbone. Medially: The tibial inter sinewy Bursa ( pes anserine Bursa ) A Bursa between median collateral ligament and semimembranous sinew A Bursa between semimembranous sinews and shinbone. Posteriorly: A Bursa between sidelong caput of gastrocnemius and capsule. Semimembranous Bursa ( brodies bursa ) NERVE SUPPLY: Femoral nervus Sciatic nervus Obturator nervus BLOOD Supply: The arterial supply to knee joint, is from the subdivisions of Popliteal arteria Femoral arteria Tibial arteria TIBIO-FEMORAL ARTHROKINEMATICS: Viewed in the sagittal plane, the thighbone ‘s jointing surface is convex while the shinbone ‘s in concave. We can foretell arthrokinematics based on the regulations of concave shape and convexness: During Knee Extension During Knee Flexion Open Chain Closed Chain Open Chain Closed Chain Tibia Glides Anteriorly On Femur Femur Glides Posteriorly On Tibia Tibia Glides Posteriorly On Femur Femur Glides Anteriorly On Tibia from 20o articulatio genuss flexure to full extension from full articulatio genus extension to 20o flexure Tibia rotates externally Femur rotates internally on stable shinbone Tibia rotates internally Femur rotates externally on stable shinbone THE â€Å" SCREW-HOME † Mechanism: Rotation between the shinbone and thighbone occurs automatically between full extension ( 0o ) and 20o of articulatio genus flexure. These figures illustrate the top of the right tibial tableland as we look down on it during knee gesture. top of tibial tableland top of tibial tableland top of tibial tableland During Knee Extension, the shinbone glides anteriorly on the thighbone. During the last 20 grades of articulatio genus extension, anterior tibial semivowel persists on the shinbone ‘s median condyle because its articular surface is longer in that dimension than the sidelong condyle ‘s. Prolonged anterior semivowel on the median side produces external tibial rotary motion, the â€Å" screw-home † mechanism. THE SCREW-HOME MECHANISM REVERSES DURING KNEE FLEXION top of tibial tableland top of tibial tableland top of tibial tableland When the articulatio genus begins to flex from a place of full extension, posterior tibial semivowel begins foremost on the longer median condyle. Between 0 deg. extension and 20 deg. of flexure, posterior semivowel on the median side produces comparative tibial internal rotary motion, a reversal of the screw-home mechanism. Entire KNEE REPLACEMENT Entire articulatio genus replacing is indicated when there is unremitting terrible hurting in the articulatio genus with or without malformation. The pain/ malformation may e due to osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and assorted non specific arthritis. It relieves hurting, provides mobility and right malformation. Entire articulatio genus replacing is a surgical process in which injured or damaged parts of the articulatio genus articulation are replaced with unreal parts. The process is performed by seperating the musculuss and ligaments around the articulatio genus to expose the articulatio genus capsule. The articulatio genus capsule is opened, exposed the interior of the joint. The terminal of the thighbone and tibial are removed. The unreal parts are cemented into topographic point. The articulatio genus will dwell of metal shell at the terminal of the thighbone, a metal and plastic trough on the shinbone and if needed a fictile button in the cap. In a manner this could be more suitably called a Knee resurfacing operation. Tocopherol: New FolderNAGU PROJECTimAGESTotal-Knee-Replacement.jpg The entire articulatio genus replacing can be: Unicompartmental arthroplasty: The Articular surface of thighbone and shinbone, either the medial or sidelong compartment of the articulatio genus are replaced by an implant. Eg: osteoathritis. Bicomprtmental arthroplasty: In bicompartmental arthroplasty, the articular surface of shinbone and thighbone of both median and sidelong compartments of the articulatio genus articulations are replaced by an implant. The 3rd compartment i.e.. , the patellofemoral articulation is nevertheless left intact. Tricomprtmental arthroplasty: the articular surface of the lower thighbone, upper shinbone and kneecap are replaced by prosthetic device. Most normally performed arthroplsty. The prosthetic device consists of a tibial constituent, a metal femoral constituent and a high molecular weight polythene button for articular surface of the kneecap. TKA GOALS Restore mechanical alliance [ impersonal tibiofemoral alliance = 4A °-6A ° of anatomic valgus ] , Horizontal joint line, Soft tissue balance ( ligament ) , ( Patella tracking ( Q-angle ) Indication Oteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Hemophilic arthritis Traumatic arthritis Sero negative arthrides Crystal deposition disease Pigmented villonoular synovitis Avascular mortification Bone dysplasias Asymmetric arthrits CONTRA INDICATION Absolute contraindications Holocene or curren joint infection Sepsis or systematic infection Neuropathic arthropathy Painful solid articulatio genus merger Relative contraindications Severe osteoporosis Debilated hapless wellness Non working extensor mechanism Painless, good working arthrodesis Significant peripheral vascular diseases TKA Complications Death: 0.53 % Periprosthetic Infection: 0.71 % Pneumonic emboli: 0.41 % Patella break: Component Relaxation: Tibial tray wear: Peroneal Nerve Palsy: 0.3 % to 2 % Periprosthetic Femur Fracture: Periprosthetic Tibial Fracture: Wound Complications / Skin gangrene: rare Patellar Clunk Syndrome: rare Patellofemoral Instability: 0.5 % -29 % DVT: Instability: Popliteal artery hurt: 0.05 % Quadricepss Tendon Rupture: 0.1 % Patellar Tendon Rupture: lt ; 2 % Stiffness: Fat Embolism MCL rupture Need AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY: Need of the survey: To cut down flexure contracture To better scope of gesture To better functional activity Significance of the survey: This survey is to measure the efficaciousness of dynamic splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture following a entire articulatio genus arthroplasty. Statement of the job: To analyze the efficaciousness of dynamic splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture following a entire articulatio genus arthroplasty. Therefore the survey is entitled as â€Å" efficaciousness of dynamic splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture following a entire articulatio genus arthroplasty † . Aims: To cut down flexure contracture To better scope of gesture To analyse the consequence of dynamic articulatio genus splint Null hypothesis: The void hypothesis can be stated as follows there is no important difference in articulatio genus flexure contracture after the application of dynamic knee splint. Alternate hypothesis: The hypothesis can be stated as follows there is important difference in articulatio genus flexure contracture after the application of dynamic knee splint. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: 1. TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: Simon H Palmer, MD, Consultant Surgeon: Sep 21, 2010 Osteoarthritis devastation of the articulatio genus is the most common ground for entire knee replacing. Jayant joshi, prakash kotwal says that entire knee replacing alleviations pain, provides mobility A ; corrects malformation. 2. FLEXION Contracture: J. Ilyas ; A.H. Deakin ; C. Brege ; and F. Picard Flexion contracture is a common malformation encountered in patients necessitating entire articulatio genus arthroplasty ( TKA ) . Department of orthopedicss, aureate jubilee national infirmary, clydebank, Glasgow, g81 4hx, United Kingdom. One hundred and four uninterrupted TKA were completed by a individual adviser utilizing the OrthoPilot ( BBraun, Aesculap ) pilotage system and Columbus implants. Seventy-four articulatio genuss had preoperative flexure contracture ( including impersonal articulatio genuss ) while 30 were in hyperextension. Ouellet D, Moffet H. Arthritis Rheum October 2002 Large motion shortages are present, particularly in single-limb support pre-op and 2 months following TKA. Huei-Ming Chai, PHD. November 24, 2008 sum articulatio genus arthroplasty bounds scope of gesture 3. DYNAMIC SPLINT: Dennis cubic decimeter armstrong, m.d. Buck Willis, Ph.D. evaluates the efficaciousness of dynamic knee extension splinting for articulatio genus flexure contracture following TKA. FingerA E, WillisA FB Health Physical Education, Recreation, Texas State University, Cases Journal 2008, Physical therapy entirely did non to the full cut down the contracture and dynamic splinting was so prescribed for day-to-day low-load, prolonged-duration stretch. Finger E, Willis B 29Dec2008: Dynasplint offers extension Systems to help in rehabilitation and recovery from flexure contracture. Clinical surveies have demonstrated greatest mean decrease in rehabilitation clip and cost with the usage of Dynasplint Systems in concurrence with physical therapy. Willis FB Biomechanics.2008 Jan ; 15 After surgery, a patient is frequently left with sawed-off connective tissue and may hold a hard clip walking usually once more. Wearing a dynamic articulatio genus splint will lengthen and reconstruct the tissue to reconstruct scope of gesture. McClure P, Blackburn L, Dusold C Ideally, have oning your Dynasplint for 6-8 uninterrupted hours yields the best consequences as it allows a safe, long enduring remodeling of the soft tissue. Cliffordr.Wheeless, Iii, Md.December3, 2008. The intent of this study is to reexamine the usage of external fixator for the gradual rectification of terrible articulatio genus flexure contractures that bound patient map. James f. Mooney three, mendelevium, l. Andrew koman Posted: 05/01/2001 Average preoperative flexure contracture was 80.5A ° . Each patient achieved full extension. There was one return, despite brace, which was managed with replacing of the fixator and soft tissue processs 4. CONVENTIONAL PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR KNEE ARTHRITIS: Jan.K.Richardson, Pt, Phd, Ocs Said that arthritis is a degenerative disease of the gristle and castanetss that consequences in hurting and stiffness in affected articulation. There is no remedy for arthritis, but physical therapy can do life easier and less painful. Brigham And Women ‘s Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Services Physical Therapy.ROM along with proper soft tissue balance is required to guarantee proper biomechanics in the articulatio genus articulation. Aggressive post-operative PT has been shown to be effectual in bettering patient results and shortening length of stay Balint G And Sz Ebenyl.B Showed that curative exercisings decreases hurting, increases musculus weariness and scope of gesture every bit good as improve endurance and aerophilic capacity. Weight decrease is proven in corpulent patients with OA of articulatio genus. Curative heat and cold, galvanism, stylostixis are widely used. Dr. Margriet new wave baar reported that important good effects from exercising therapy including betterments in ego reported hurting, disablement, walking ability and overall sense of good being. Dorr LD.A J Arthroplasty June 2002 CPM helps accomplish articulatio genus scope of gesture quicker in first post-op hebdomads but at concluding followups, no difference in concluding scope of gesture Byrne, et al.A Clin Biomech October 2002 Deficits in articulatio genus strength balanced by increased hip extensor work ; rehab should optimise bilateral hip and articulatio genus map after TKA McManus et al 2006, Jorge et al 2006 the higher frequences ( 90-130Hz ) to excite the hurting gate mechanisms A ; thereby dissemble the hurting symptoms. Ozcan et Al, 2004 Low frequence nervus stimulation is physiologically effectual ( as with TENS and NMES ) and this is the key to IFT intercession. Adedoyin, R. A. , et Al. ( 2002 ) .IFT acts chiefly on the excitable ( nervus ) tissues, the strongest effects are likely to be those which are a direct consequence of such stimulation ( i.e. hurting alleviation and musculus stimulation ) . National Taiwan University Hospital, November 2008 PNF stretching techniques has been used often for patients with entire articulatio genus arthroplasty in clinical pattern to increase scope of gesture efficaciously and decreased articulatio genus hurting during exercising. Huei-Ming Chai, PHD November 24, 2008 PNF stretching technique is a curative technique utilizing the PNF construct to the related muslces either to increase neuro-inhibition mechanism for let go ofing musculus cramp and stretching musculus length, or to increase neuro-excitation mechanism for heightening musculus strength Harold B. James H. Beaty, MD Range-of-motion exercisings, musculus strengthening, pace preparation, and direction in executing activities of day-to-day life are of import. 5. GONIOMETRIC MEASURENT FOR ROM: Carlos Lavernia, MD, Range of gesture appraisal through direct observation without a goniometer provides inaccurate findings. Mark D. Rossi, PhD, PT, CSCS The Journal of Arthroplasty Vol. 23 No. 6 Suppl. 1 2008 Measured tonss utilizing a goniometer provided an improved grade of truth, but consequences appear to be dependent on the clinician executing the measuring. Richard l. Gajdosik Associate Professor Physical healers may accept most knee goniometric measurings as clinically valid, and the grounds indicates that most of these measurings are dependable. 6. KNEE SOCIETY SCORE: Gil Scuderi, MD-Chair ; Jim Benjamin, MD ; Jess Lonner, MD ; Bob Bourne, MD and Norm Scott, MD, 2007, The Knee Society evaluation system ( KSS ) was foremost published in CORR in 1989 and has become the standard clinical rating system for describing consequences for patients undergoing Entire Knee Replacement. John N. Insall, MD, Lawrence D. Dorr, Scott, MD Rationale of the Knee Society clinical evaluation system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Nov: The Knee Society has proposed this new evaluation system to be simple but more fastidious and more nonsubjective. MD, Richard D. Scott, MD, and W. Norman It is hoped the articulatio genus society evaluation system will go universally recognized and will be adopted by all writers, even if they wish to describe consequences utilizing a customary marking method every bit good. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Materials: Evaluation tool: Goniometry Knee society mark Outcome step: Scope of gesture Knee mark Function mark Material used: Dynamic articulatio genus splint Methodology: ( A ) Study design: 30 topics with flexure contracture following one-sided TKA assigned in two groups. GROUP A: 15 topics: Dynamic Splint Along With Conventional Physiotherapy. GROUP B: 15 topics: Conventional Physiotherapy. ( B ) Study scene: This survey was carried out in the section of physical medical specialty and rehabilitation, Sri Ramakrishna infirmary, Coimbatore. ( C ) Study continuance: This survey was carried out for a period of 6 months. ( D ) Sampling: Random sampling. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Age: 45 to 70 old ages. Both sex Flexure contracture: 20 – 12 deg ( post operatively ) Unilateral TKA Reduced flexibleness in AROM of articulatio genus extension Pain that is worsened by flexing over while legs are consecutive Impaired pace form Ability to understand informed consent and experiment duties Exclusion Standards: Fractures Bilateral TKA TKA lt ; 2 months Knee sepsis Osteomyelitis or any orthopaedic infection Extensor mechanism disfunction Psoriasis Knee articulation neuropathy Previous Stroke or Brain Injury STATISTICS Tool: The information collected was analyzed utilizing independent t-test. The trial was carried out between two groups. Independent’t ‘ trial was used to compare the effectivity of intervention between the groups. T = S = X1 = Difference between pretest and posttest values of Group I X2 = Difference between pretest and posttest values of Group II = Mean difference of Group I = Mean difference of Group II n1 = No. of samples in Group I n2 = No. of samples in Group II S = Combined criterion divergence Treatment: Dynamic articulatio genus Extension splint: The Rebound Effect hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dynasplint.com/uploads/user-uploads/rebound2.gif 53 % Average Reduction in Time and Cost Associated with ROM Rehabilitation â€Å" High-force, short-duration stretching favours recoverable, elastic tissue distortion, whereas low-force, long-duration stretching enhances lasting fictile distortion. In the clinical scene, high force application has a greater hazard of doing hurting and perchance ruptures of tissue. Dynasplint Systems improve scope of gesture by making lasting, non-traumatic tissue elongation and remodeling, therefore virtually extinguishing the scope of gesture recoil consequence frequently observed in the clinical scene. RangerKnee2 Features A ; Benefits LLPS ( Low-Load, Prolonged-Duration Stretch ) engineering has been proven to successfully handle joint stiffness and limited scope of gesture. Early application can cut down clip and cost associated with scope of gesture rehabilitation Simple, adjustable and consistent bilateral tensioning System Available for rent or purchase Biomechanically right Comfortable to have on Each Dynasplint System is recycled to cut down waste and assist the environment A Dynasplint Systems adviser will suit your patients and oversee their intervention to guarantee the best possible consequences Over a one-fourth of a million patients have been successfully treated with Dynasplint Systems Handily labeled and easy to utilize Patient Wearing Protocol Please reexamine the tenseness your Dynasplint adviser set for you ab initio. In the beginning, the splint should be worn for 2-4 hours. Do non increase the tenseness until you can digest nightlong wear. Time is the most of import factor and your first end should be 6-8 hours of hurting free wear. After accomplishing this clip end, when you take the splint off if you have less than 1 hr of post-wear stiffness, bend tenseness up by one on both sides. However if you are unable to have on the splint for a drawn-out period of clip, diminish the tenseness by a half to one full bend. During the procedure of recovering your scope of gesture, if you have any inquiry or concerns reach your Dynasplint adviser. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wheelessonline.com/images/i1/imk11.jpg Conventional Treatment: MODALITIES FOR PAIN CONTROL, EDEMA REDUCTION: Moist Heat Functional electrical stimulation Transdermal electrical stimulation Ice therapy Interferential therapy Voltaic Stimulation Joint Mobilization: Flexion limitation Position: patient seated Posterior semivowel of shinbone on femur-grade 3 Oscillation with 30 2nd clasp, Repeated 5 times with patellar mobilisation of inferior semivowels ( 5 mins ) Extension limitation Position: patient prone with kneecap off of tabular array Anterior semivowel of shinbone on femur- class 3 oscillation and inactive clasp ( 10 secs in 3 repeats ) with patellar mobilisation superior semivowels ( 5 mins ) EXERCISE Plan: Closed and unfastened kinetic concatenation strengthening exercisings Proprioceptive/balance exercisings aiming the bole and lower appendage muscular structure Partial organic structure weighted knee bends Gait preparation Scope of gesture exercisings Heel slide ( supine A ; sitting ) Stretching ( prone/supine ) to increase articulatio genus extension ROM GAIT Training: Forward Walking Hedging Backward or Retro-Walking Functional Training: Standing Transportation Activities Raising Transporting Pushing or Pulling Squating or Crouching Return-to-Work Undertakings ENDURANCE Training: Upper organic structure exercising. Ambulation activities One-leg cycling, utilizing non-operative leg with opposition to gesture. BALANCE/PROPRIOCEPTION Training: Tandem Walking Lateral Stepping over/around objects Weight-Shifting Activities Closed Kinetic Chain Activities 5. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: KNEE EXTENSION ROM: Group I Pre trial ( Two months after TKA ) Post trial ( conventional PT with SPLINT ) Difference X1 16 0 16 16 1 15 16 2 14 16 2 14 16 4 12 14 0 14 14 0 14 14 1 13 14 1 13 14 2 12 12 0 12 12 0 12 12 1 11 12 1 11 12 1 11 Mean=12.93 PRE TEST AND POST KNEE EXTENSION ROM: Group I KNEE EXTENSION ROM: GROUP II Pre trial ( Two months after TKA ) Post trial ( conventional PT without splint ) Difference X2 18 7 11 18 6 12 18 6 12 18 6 12 18 4 14 16 7 9 16 7 9 16 4 12 16 4 12 16 4 12 14 3 11 14 4 10 14 4 12 14 2 12 14 2 12 Mean=11.46 t=2.82 s.dev=1.42 grades of freedom = 28 The chance of this consequence, presuming the void hypothesis, is 0.009 PRE TEST AND POST KNEE EXTENSION ROM: GROUP II KNEE SCORE AND FUNCTION SCORE: S.No. Parameters Groups Mean S.D.Value ‘t ‘ Value 1. Knee Tonss Group A 18 4.47 3.06 Group B 13 2. Function Mark Group A 35.6 4.98 3.01 Group B 30.1 MEAN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KNEE SCORE AND FUNCTION SCORE DEMOGRAPHIC DATA THE AGE OF THE SAMPLES BETWEEN 45 -70 YEARS IN EACH GROUP Age ( old ages ) No. of Samples Entire Group A Group B 45-50 4 3 7 50-55 5 4 9 55-60 2 5 7 60-65 2 2 4 65-70 2 1 3 Entire NUMBER OF MALES AND FEMALES IN EACH GROUP Sexual activity No. of Samples Entire Group A Group B Male 8 10 18 Females 7 5 12 Entire NUMBER OF RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE INVOLVEMENT IN EACH GROUP Side of engagement No. of Samples Entire Group A Group B Right 11 8 19 Left 4 7 11 5. Discussion Entire articulatio genus arthroplasty ( TKA ) is considered the intervention of pick for patients with intractable hurting and significant functional disablements who have non had acceptable alleviation and functional betterment after conservative intervention. Knee flexure contracture is a common pathology following TKA impacting up to 61 % of these patients. The intent of the survey is to find the effectivity of dynamic splinting in handling patients with flexion contracture following Unilateral TKA. Literature reexamine provinces that there is important difference between dynamic splinting and conventional physical therapy direction in cut downing flexure contracture following Unilateral TKA. A sum of 30 patients with one-sided TKA were selected under inclusive standards and were indiscriminately allocated into an experimental group and control group as Group A and group B severally. In each group 15 Persons were allotted In Group A, dynamic splint along with conventional physical therapy was given and in Group B, Conventional physical therapy entirely was given. Both Groups were treated for a period of 6 months and the pre trial and station trial values are taken on the 1st ( 2 months after TKA ) and at the terminal of 6th months. In between Follow up appraisals were done at regular interval of every two hebdomads to judge the forecast. Statistical analysis performed between the Group A and Group B and the consequences showed the undermentioned result. The scope of gesture and functional betterment among the patients following the intercession was evaluated by Goniometry and knee society mark severally. Parameter Groups Mean â€Å" T † Value â€Å" Phosphorus † Value Scope of gesture A 12.9 2.82 0.009 Bacillus 11.5 Knee mark A 18 3.06 0.005 Bacillus 13 Function mark A 35.6 3.01 0.005 Bacillus 30.1 With goniometric measuring the scope of gesture showed a important betterment of about12.9 and 11.5 for Group A and Group B severally. â€Å" T † value for the independent T trial calculated between the Group is 2.82 which is important at the degree of 0.009 degree at 28 grades of freedom. With knee society mark measurement the articulatio genus mark showed a important betterment of about18 and 13 for Group A and Group B severally. â€Å" T † value for the independent T trial calculated between the Group is 3.06 which is important at the degree of 0.005 degree at 28 grades of freedom. With knee society mark measurement the map mark showed a important betterment of about35.6 and 30.1 for Group A and Group B severally. â€Å" T † value for the independent T trial calculated between the Group is 3.01 which is important at the degree of 0.005 degree at 28 grades of freedom. 6. Decision From statistical analysis it is clear that there was a average decrease in flexure contracture of about 12.9 of Group A when compared to 11.5 with that of Group B. The calculated’t ‘ value was 2.82 which is greater than the table value at 28 grades of freedom With knee society score it was apparent that the Group A ( articulatio genus mark and map mark ) showed a important average betterment of about 18 and 35.6 when compared to 13 and 30.1 with Group B ( knee mark and map mark ) severally. The calculated’t ‘ value was 3.06 which is greater than the table value at 28 grades of freedom. Hence it is cleared that dynamic splinting reduces flexure contracture from 20-12deg ( two month after TKA ) to 5-0 deg ( after the application of dynamic splint ) So the statistical analysis infers us to reject void hypothesis and at that place by accepting the alternate hypothesis i.e. there is important difference in articulatio genus flexure contracture after the application of dynamic knee splint. Hence it is suggested that supplying a dynamic splint is effectual in cut downing flexure contracture and bettering functional position in intervention of articulatio genus flexure contracture following one-sided TKA. LIMITATION OF STUDY Sample size is smaller. It is a clip edge survey. The survey was carried on with few nonsubjective parametric quantities in entering the efficaciousness of intervention. The survey concentrated merely on one-sided TKA Suggestion The survey could hold been done with long term follow up and more figure of patients, to analyse the result. The survey could hold employed some more parametric quantities to measure the clinical result more accurately and exactly Further surveies can be done, to analyse the effects of dynamic splint in bilateral TKA. Further surveies can be done, to compare the effects of dynamic splint in one-sided and bilateral TKA. Bibliography 1. David J. Magee, Orthopedic Physical Assessment, Second edition, W.B. Saunders company London 1992. 2. Kothari C.R ; Research methodological analysis methods and techniques, wiswaprakasan. 3. Robert Dontelli ; orthopedic P.T 4. Bent And Brotzmen ; Orthopaedic Rehabilitation. 5. Carolyn Kisner A ; Lynn Allen Colby ; Therapeutic Exercises Foundation A ; Techniques, New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers 1996, Third edition. 6. Carrie M.Hall, Therapeutic Exercise traveling towards map, Walters kluwer company. 7. Jayant Joshi, Essentials of orthopaedicss A ; applied physical therapy, New Delhi B.I. Churchill Livingstone pvt Ltd 1993. 8. T.S. Ranganathan, A Text book of Human Anatomy, New Delhi, S Chand A ; company, 1990 Fourth Edition 9. B.D Chaurasia, Human Anatomy Third edition, CBS Publishers New Delhi. 10. Carolyn M. Hicks A ; Research for Physiotherapist, Project design analysis, Second add-on, Churchill populating rock, New York, Tokyo. 11. Cynthia C. Norkin Pamela K. Levangies joint construction A ; Function, Third edition. 12. Graies anatomy: erectile dysfunction 13, 1899 13. J.Maheshwari, MS ortho: essestial orthopedicss. 14. Jagmohan singh: text book of electrotherapy 3rd edition 2005 15. Ann Thomson et Al: tidy ‘s physical therapy, London, butterworth, heinman, 191 12th edition 16. Patricia A. Downie, hard currency text edition of orthopedicss A ; Rheumatology for physical therapist, jaypee brothers, 1993: 1st edition. 17. Mayilvahanan Natarajan: text book of orthopedicss A ; tramatology 4th edition. 18. Susan B.O.sullaivan, physical rehabilitation appraisal A ; intervention, 4th edition jaypee brothers, new Delhi 2001 19. Joan M. Walker, Antonie helewa, physical therapy in arthritis, A division of hartcourt brace A ; company. APPENDICIES Appendix: 1 Basic rating chart POST OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT Subjective Appraisal Name: Age: Sexual activity: M/F Occupation: Address: Date of Admission: Referred by: Date of surgery: Side operated: Right / Left Height ; Weight: IP/OP figure: Chief ailments: Critical marks Temperature ( Beat/Min ) Pulse rate ( F ) Respiratory Rate ( mm/Hg ) : Blood Pressure ( Breaths/min ) Pain appraisal Side of hurting Site of hurting Type of hurting Nature of hurting Duration of hurting Intensity Worsening factors Reliving factors Rating of hurting by ocular / parallel graduated table No hurting Slight hurting Moderate hurting Severe hurting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Medical History I ) Past Medical History – Any old disease or hurt two ) Present Medical History Onset Duration Intensity Worsening factors Activities of day-to-day life three ) Personal History – Smoker or intoxicant four ) History of occupation V ) Surgical history Name of sawbones On Palpation Inflammatory marks: Warmth and Tenderness Crackle Muscles spasm Oedema: Piting / Non Piting On Examination Musculo skeletal Joint ROM Joint Motion Active Passive Pain free Pain full Pain free Pain full Hip Flexure Extension Abduction Adduction External rotary motion Internal rotary motion Knee Flexure Extension Medical rotary motion Lateral rotary motion Ankle Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Inversion Eversion Muscle power Muscle blowing – quadriceps Deep sinew Reflexes Deformites Limb length measurings Gait Assessment Type of pace Measure length Stride length Base breadth Cadance External contraptions ( Splints or orthosis ) Type of walking AIDSs Respiratory Assessment Type of respiration ( Thoraco Abdomen, Abdomino – thoracic ) Pattern of respiration ( Asymmetry or Symmetry ) Depth of respiration ( shallow or deep ) Accessory musculuss of respiration Chest enlargement aˆ? Axilla aˆ? Nipple aˆ? Xiphisternum Functional Appraisal Problem list Management Short term direction Purposes Long-run direction Short term managem Meanss Long-run direction APPENDIX 2: DYNASPLINT SYSTEM, RANGE OF MOTION AND COMMON DIAGNOSES FOR ORTHOPAEDICAL CONDITIONS: 1. Knee extension dynasplint system ( ked ) ROM=65 ° flexure to 25 ° hyperextension 2. Knee flexure dynasplint system ( kfd ) : ROM=50 ° flexure to 140 ° flexure Common DIAGNOSES: ( extension A ; flexure ) Entire articulatio genus replacings, Tibial tableland breaks, Tendon and ligament fixs ( ACL, PCL ) , Open decrease internal arrested development ( ORIF ) , Burns, Meniscectomy, Tendon releases FOR NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS: 1. Knee extension neurological dynasplint system ( ken ) : ROM=130 ° flexure to 40 ° flexure 2. Double-jointed articulatio genus extension dynasplint system ( ked-dj ) : ROM=130 ° flexure to 50 ° hyperextension Common DIAGNOSES: Head injury and spinal cord hurts, Cerebral paralysis ( CP ) , intellectual vascular accident ( CVA ) , and other neurological conditions. FOR AMPUTEE: 1. Knee amputee extension dynasplint system ( bka-ed ) : ROM=65 ° flexure to 25 ° hyperextension Common DIAGNOSES: Distal limb remotion Appendix: 3: GONIOMETRY OF THE KNEE Gesture Recommended Testing Position Stabilization Center Proximal Arm Distal Arm Start End Flexure Supine, articulatio genus in ext. Initially hip in 00 ext, abd, add, but as articulatio genus flexes, hip besides flexes Stabilize thighbone to forestall rotary motion, abduction A ; adduction Over sidelong epicondyle of thighbone Lateral midplane of thighbone, citing greater trochanter Lateral midplane of calf bone, mention sidelong malleolus A ; fibular caput hypertext transfer protocol: //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnExt.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnFlex.jpg Extension Supine, articulatio genus in ext. Hip in 00 ext, abd, attention deficit disorder. Stabilize thighbone to forestall rotary motion, abduction A ; adduction Over sidelong epicondyle of thighbone Lateral midplane of thighbone, citing greater trochanter Lateral midplane of calf bone, mention sidelong malleolus A ; fibular caput hypertext transfer protocol: //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnExt.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //at.uwa.edu/gon/KnExt.jpg How to cite Efficacy Of Dynamic Splinting Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Steve Jobs Leadership Traits free essay sample

In 1976, Jobs and Wozniak founded Apple Computer (Wikipedia, 2008). By 1980, Apple had already released three improved versions of the personal computer and successfully became an important player in the nascent personal computer industry. In December 1980, Apple Computer went public, making Jobs a multimillionaire (Chandy, 2005). In 1983, Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-Cola to serve as Apple’s CEO to manage Apple’s expansion. However, as the Macintosh took off in sales in the following year, Sculley felt Jobs was hurting the company and persuaded the board to strip him of power. Therefore, in May 1985, the board dismissed Jobs from the post of the head of Macintosh division (ICMR, 2002). Determined to create great new hardware products, Jobs leaved Apple and founded NeXT. After years of sluggish sales, Jobs shut down its hardware division in 1993 and repositioned it as a software company (Angelelli, 1994). It was the nadir of Jobs’ career. Nevertheless, Jobs also acquired LucasFilm, a movie studio, and incorporated Pixar Animation Studios. We will write a custom essay sample on Steve Jobs Leadership Traits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first film produced by the partnership with Disney, Toy Story, brought critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995 (Wikipedia, 2008). In 1996, Apple bought the NeXT to welcome Jobs back to the company. He soon became Apple’s interim CEO after the directors lost confidence in CEO Gil Amelio. Jobs purged the board and started to take drastic measures to save the company. He cancelled dozens of research projects and cut spending wherever he could. Besides, the introduction of iMac was also a stunning success and made Apple to become the industry’s most innovative company. As Jobs’ leadership of Apple had proven efficient, he took over as Apple’s permanent CEO in 2000 (All about Steve, n. d. ). As of today, Jobs has managed his way back to the top. Throughout his career, he has been humiliated and experienced business failure. Yet he is now regarded as one of the most prominent figures in both computer and entertainment industries and the visionary leader of iconic Apple. In 2007, he was even named the most powerful businessman by Fortune Magazine (Reuters, 2007). 3. 0 Overview of Leadership Trait Theory – Big Five Model of Personality According to Lussier and Achua (2007), traits can be defined as distinguishing personal characteristics, and personality is a combination of traits that classifies an individual’s behavior. Therefore, leadership trait theories were developed to identify the personal traits that clearly differentiate leaders from followers (Northouse, 2007). One of the most widely recognized personality models is the Big Five Model of Personality, which can be used to describe the most salient aspects of personality traits. The dimensions comprising the Big Five model are surgency (or extraversion), agreeableness, adjustment (or neuroticisim), conscientiousness and openness to experience (Goldberg, 1990). Surgency represents the tendency to be sociable, assertive, active, and to have positive energy (Barrick and Mount, 1991). It includes leadership and extraversion traits. People strong in surgency like to lead and want to be in charge (Lussier and Achua, 2007). Agreeableness consists of tendency to be kind, gentle, trusting and trustworthy, and warm (Judge and Bono, 2000). It includes traits related to getting along with people. People strong in this area are typically characterized as easygoing, compassionate, friendly and sociable (Lussier and Achua, 2007). Adjustment, is often labeled by its opposite, neuroticism, which is the tendency to be depressed, anxious, fearful, vulnerable and hostile (Judge and Bono, 2000). It covers the traits related to emotional stability. People strong in adjustment are always characterized as being good under pressure, having self control, being calm, secure and positive (Lussier and Achua, 2007). Conscientiousness is comprised of two related facets: achievement and dependability. Conscientious individuals tend to have a strong sense of direction and work hard to achieve goals. Therefore, they are hard working, go beyond the call of duty and have a strong desire to achieve success (Bono and Judge, 2004). Finally, openness to experience represents the tendency to be creative, imaginative, perceptive and thoughtful (Judge and Bono, 2000). It contains traits related to being willing to change and try new things. These individuals are risk takers, free thinkers and creative (Lussier and Achua, 2007). . 4. 0 Steve Jobs’ Leadership Traits Self-confidence indicates whether an individual is self-assured in his judgments, decision making, ideas and capabilities (Lussier and Achua, 2007). It includes a sense of self-esteem and self-assurance and the belief that one can make a difference. Jobs has a strong self-confidence in his ability to solve problems and make decisions. He has commented that â€Å"you have to trust in something – your gut, destiny, life, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life. † (Stanford News Service, 2005) Thus, he states that it is essential to believe that what we do is great; otherwise our activity is doomed to failure. Another example of Jobs communicating his self-confidence comes rom the very fact that of introducing the innovative idea of iPod. When he first spoke about the idea of iPod to his employees, they questioned the success of the idea and were reluctant to work on it. However, Jobs were confident in his idea and he motivated and inspired them to work on it. As a result, this not only changed the fortunes of Apple but also instilled respect for Jobs in the minds of his employees as one of the best leaders of his era (Steve’s Comeback Jobs, n. d. ). Most studies on leader self-confidence found that it is strongly related to effectiveness. In the study of critical incidents by Boyatzis (1982), he suggested that self-confidence differentiates between effective and ineffective managers (Yukl, 2006). Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) also postulated that self-confidence is one of the â€Å"right stuffs† for effective leaders. It is an ingredient that separated the leaders from the followers, and is essential for commanding respect and arousing followers (Hang, 2006). Self-confidence is best categorised as the conscientiousness Big Five dimension because people who are dependable often have high self-confidence and high energy (Lussier and Achua, 2007). In addition, Jobs is an extravert. Extraverts are outgoing, like to meet new people, and are willing to confront others (Lussier and Achua, 2007). They tend to enjoy human interactions and spend more time in social situations (Judge, Heller and Mount, 2002). This trait is demonstrated by Jobs in his behaviour that when Apple decided to advertise during the beginning, the agency wanted to use Jobs talking about his creation. A move he gladly agreed to. He was also game for the many interviews and the many front cover photographs. Jobs was obviously comfortable with his relationship with the world media (Steve’s Comeback Jobs, n. . ). Extraversion has been recognised for its contribution to leadership effectiveness. Many studies suggest that extraverts should be more likely to emerge as leaders in groups. Extraversion is strongly related to social leadership (Costa and McCrae, 1988; Judge et al. , 2002) and also leader emergence in groups (Watson and Clark, 1997; Judge et al. , 2002). R. Hogan et al. (1994) also noted that extraversion is related to being perceived as leaderlike (Judge et al. , 2002). Besides, Watson and Clark (1997) suggested that the experience and expression of positive emotions is at the core of extraversion. Therefore, it is likely that extravert will tend to exhibit inspirational leadership (Bono and Judge, 2004). A great example of inspiration is when Jobs lured Sculley from Pepsi by asking him, â€Å"Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water, or do you want a chance to change the world? †(Elkind, 2008). Since he is positive, ambitious and influential, he is likely to generate confidence and enthusiasm among followers (Bono and Judge, 2004). As surgency is characterized by two distinct clusters of traits – sociability (extraversion) and dominance (Peterson et al. 2003), extraversion can be categorized as the Big Five dimension of surgency. Jobs has also high level of energy. He always demonstrates great ambition to build a global media empire and has high drive and work hard to achieve his goal. This is shown from his â€Å"80 hours a week and loving it† work ethics. In an interview he said, â€Å"I worked really, really hard in my 20s †“ seven days a week, lots of hours every day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Krantz, 1999) He has high levels of enthusiasm and energy for his work. Besides, high energy leaders always have stamina and tolerate stress well. They deal with and do not accept setbacks (Lussier and Achua, 2007). For Jobs, after being thrown out from Apple, he tried to do it all over again with a new company called NeXT and planned to build the next generation of personal computers that are superior than Apple. However, he failed to do so. He never gave up and dealt with his failure. He closed down his hardware division and turned his attention to the software development (Angelelli, 1994). This trait appears to be the personal characteristic consistently linked with leader emergence and effectiveness. In his 1974 review of 163 leadership studies and his first survey, Stogdill identified that effective leaders have vigour and persistence in pursuit of goals and willingness to tolerate frustration. Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) also postulated, â€Å"Leaders are more likely than nonleaders to have a high level of energy and stamina and to be generally active, and often restless. † (Judge et al. , 2002) High energy is best categorized as the conscientiousness dimension of the Big Five because people with conscientiousness are characterized as achievement oriented, and they are hardworking and persistence to accomplish their goals (Judge et al. 1999). Leaders generally have above-average intelligence as Jobs does. Intelligence refers to cognitive ability to think critically, to solve problems, and to make decisions (Lussier and Achua, 2007). When Jobs returned to Apple in 1997, Apple was bleeding money. Within a year of Jobs as interim CEO, he reduced the product lines and cut t he wholesale cost, and Apple was back to creating profit (Steve’s Comeback Jobs, n. d. ). This example clearly shows that Jobs is intelligent because he is able to solve problems in a short period of time.

Why You Didnt Get the Job

Why You Didnt Get the Job If you’re on the job hunt, you want  to ensure you  don’t make mistakes that keep you  from finding work, especially after spending a lot of time on job search sites. Although most people know it is a bad idea to cancel an interview at the last moment or wear a running suit to an interview, smaller mistakes can also keep a job seeker from being considered. 1. Not Proofreading a ResumeResumes tell a recruiter a lot about a job applicant after just one glance. A resume that is messy and contains poor  grammar or typos will not  be taken seriously by a recruiter. You can fix problems with your resume by using an online grammar checker and rereading it carefully to look for mistakes. If you have a friend who is good with grammar and punctuation, ask him or her  to look it over for you. Whatever it takes, make your resume as perfect as you can.2. Not Focusing Your ResumeAre you are one of those job seekers  who wrote a resume a year ago and are recycling it to apply for jobs? The days of using a general resume are over. Because hiring managers are busy people, they want to interview the best candidates for the job and not waste time on applicants whose qualifications aren’t a good fit. Rewriting your resume to include your qualifications that fit in with the job description can get you that interview.3. Not Writing a Cover LetterHiring managers go to the cover letter first before looking at an applicant’s resume. Even when applying for a position by sending your resume via email, you really need to include a cover letter. Many hiring managers won’t consider an application without one. Remember to include the reason you want the job in your cover letter, and don’t make it a mini copy of your resume.4. Going Into an Interview ColdLet’s say you’ve been invited for a job interview, so you’re feeling pretty confident at this point. Overconfidence and lack of preparation when being interviewed ha s cost more than one individual a job offer. Job interviews normally consist of knowing about the company where you are applying, asking questions that are relevant, telling the recruiter why you are qualified and how you can be an asset in the job, and following up afterward.5. Casting Too Wide a NetOne mistake some job seekers make is not focusing on the job type and instead zeroing in on a specific company.  Think about opportunities, not one particular job, and you can find yourself employed faster. Maybe you have your heart set on a job with the Widget Company, but you would have to start at the bottom and work your way up because there are no openings for someone with your qualifications. Focus clearly on the position you want to fill, and expend your efforts in that direction.6. Not Minding the TimeTime matters when it comes to hiring managers. Showing up late for an interview reflects badly, as does showing up too early because it can make you appear anxious and make the i nterviewer feel pressured. Do leave early to get to your interview about 10 minutes before it is scheduled, but find a spot to relax if you arrive before that.7. Getting Too PersonalMaking a personal connection with a hiring manager can be a good idea, such as sharing an interest in a sports  team or favorite restaurants in your  city. However, going overboard and supplying too many details about your personal life takes up the hiring manager’s time and may not reflect well on you. Rambling on, whether in a resume or during an interview, can leave a bad impression. If you do relate personal information, keep it in context with the job.After spending time searching classified job ads and sending in a resume, common mistakes can often cost you  a job. Just as knowing how to be a successful job applicant and sail through an interview is valuable information, so is knowing how to conduct a practical job search. Instead of looking at countless job ads in different locations, TheJobSearch does the work for you by sending you email alerts when jobs fitting your qualifications become available. Fill out your job interests and qualifications and  sign up with TheJobNetwork- that’s all it takes!

USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II

USS West Virginia (BB-48) in World War II The final ship of the Colorado-class of battleship, USS West Virginia (BB-48) entered service in 1923. Though built at Newport News, VA, it became a fixture in the Pacific for the majority of its career. West Virginia was present at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, when the  Japanese attacked. Struck by seven torpedoes and two bombs, the battleship sank at its berth and later had to be refloated. Following temporary repairs, West Virginia was sent to Puget Sound Navy Yard in May 1943 for a large-scale modernization program. Emerging in July 1944, West Virginia rejoined the fleet and participated in the Allies island-hopping campaign across the Pacific before taking part in the Battle of the Surigao Strait. In the engagement, it, and several other Pearl Harbor survivors, exacted revenge on Japanese. Though sustaining a kamikaze hit on April 1, 1945 while supporting the invasion of Okinawa, West Virginia remained in position off the island. The battleship remained active through the end of hostilities. Design The fifth and last edition of Standard-type battleship  (Nevada, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Tennessee) designed for the US Navy, the Colorado-class was a continuation of the preceding series of vessels. Developed prior to the construction of the Nevada-class, the Standard-type approach called for vessels that had common operational and tactical traits. These included the use of oil-fired boilers rather than coal and the employment of an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor scheme. This protection method called for critical parts of the battleship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less important spaces were left unarmored. In addition, Standard-type battleships were to have a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less and a minimum top speed of 21 knots.    Though largely similar to the preceding Tennessee-class, the Colorado-class instead mounted eight 16 guns in four twin turrets rather than twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets. The US Navy had been advocating the use of 16 guns for several years and after successful tests of the weapon, conversations began regarding their use on the earlier Standard-type designs. This did not move forward due to the cost involved in changing these designs and increasing their tonnage to carry the new guns. In 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels reluctantly permitted the use of 16 guns on the condition that the new class not incorporate any other major design changes. The Colorado-class also mounted a secondary battery of twelve to fourteen 5 guns and an anti-aircraft armament of four 3 guns.    Construction The fourth and final ship of the class, USS West Virginia (BB-48) was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding on April 12, 1920. Construction moved forward and on November 19, 1921, it slid down the ways with Alice W. Mann, daughter of West Virginia coal magnate Isaac T. Mann, serving as sponsor. After another two years of work, West Virginia was completed and entered commission on December 1, 1923, with Captain Thomas J. Senn in command.   USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Newport News Shipbuilding CorporationLaid Down:  April 12, 1920Launched:  November 19, 1921Commissioned:  December 1, 1923Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  33,590  tonsLength:  624  ft.Beam:  97.3 ft.Draft:  30  ft., 6 in.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,407  men Armament (as built) 8 Ãâ€" 16  in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 2)12  Ãƒâ€" 5 in. guns4 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Completing its shakedown cruise, West Virginia departed New York for Hampton Roads. While underway, issues emerged with the battleships steering gear. This underwent repairs at Hampton Roads and West Virginia attempted to put to sea again on June 16, 1924.   While moving through Lynnhaven Channel, it grounded following another equipment failure and the use of inaccurate charts. Undamaged, West Virginia again underwent repairs to its steering gear before departing for the Pacific. Reaching the West Coast, the battleship became flagship of the Battleship Divisions of the Battle Fleet on October 30. West Virginia would serve a stalwart of the Pacific battleship force for the next decade and a half.   The following year, West Virginia joined other elements of the Battle Fleet for a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand. Moving through routine peacetime training and exercises during the late 1920s, the battleship also entered the yard to have its anti-aircraft defenses enhanced and the addition of two aircraft catapults. Rejoining the fleet, West Virginia continued it normal operations. Deploying to Hawaiian waters in April 1940 for Fleet Problem XXI, which simulated a defense of the islands, West Virginia and the rest of the fleet were retained in the area due to increasing tensions with Japan. As a result, the Battle Fleets base was shifted to Pearl Harbor. Late the following year, West Virginia was one of a select number of ships to receive the new RCA CXAM-1 radar system. Pearl Harbor On the morning of December 7, 1941, West Virginia was moored along Pearl Harbors Battleship Row, outboard of USS Tennessee (BB-43), when the Japanese attacked and pulled the United States into World War II. In a vulnerable position with its port side exposed, West Virginia sustained seven torpedo hits (six exploded) from Japanese aircraft. Only rapid counter-flooding by the battleships crew prevented it from capsizing. The damage from the torpedoes was exacerbated by two armor-piercing bomb hits as well as a massive oil fire started following the explosion of USS Arizona (BB-39) which was moored aft. Severely damaged, West Virginia sank upright with little more than its superstructure above the water. In the course of that attack, the battleships commander, Captain  Mervyn S. Bennion, was mortally wounded. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his defense of the ship.    Rebirth In the weeks after the attack, efforts to salvage West Virginia commenced. After patching the massive holes in the hull, the battleship was refloated on May 17, 1942 and later moved to Drydock Number One.   As work commenced 66 bodies were found trapped in the hull. Three located in a storeroom appear to have survived until at least December 23. After extensive repairs to the hull, West Virginia departed for Puget Sound Navy Yard on May 7, 1943. Arriving, it underwent a modernization program that dramatically altered the battleships appearance. This saw the construction of a new superstructure which included trunking the two funnels into one, a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament, and elimination of the old cage masts. In addition, the hull was widened to 114 feet which precluded it from passing through the Panama Canal. When complete, West Virginia looked more similar to the modernized Tennessee-class battleships than those from its own Colorado-class. Return to Combat Completed in early July 1944, West Virginia conducted sea trials out of Port Townsend, WA before steaming south for a shakedown cruise at San Pedro, CA. Completing training later in the summer, it sailed for Pearl Harbor on September 14. Pressing on to Manus, West Virginia became flagship of Rear Admiral Theodore Ruddocks Battleship Division 4. Departing on October 14 with Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorfs Task Group 77.2, the battleship made its return to combat operations four days later when it began bombarding targets on Leyte in the Philippines.   Covering the landings on Leyte, West Virginia provided naval gunfire support for the troops ashore.   When the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf began, West Virginia and Oldendorfs other battleships moved south to guard the Surigao Strait. Meeting the enemy on the night of October 24, the American battleships crossed the Japanese T and sank two Japanese battleships (Yamashiro Fuso) and a heavy cruiser  (Mogami). Following the battle, the Wee Vee as it was known to its crew, withdrew to Ulithi and then to Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides.   While there, the battleship entered a floating dry dock to repair damage sustained to one of its screws during operations off Leyte.   Returning to action in the Philippines, West Virginia covered landings on Mindoro and served as part of the anti-aircraft screen for transports and other ships in the area. On January 4, 1945, it took on the crew of the escort carrier USS  Ommaney Bay which was sunk by kamikazes. A few days later, West Virginia commenced shore bombardment of targets in the San Fabian area of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. It remained in this area until February 10.   Okinawa Moving to Ulithi, West Virginia joined the 5th Fleet and quickly replenished in order to take part in the invasion of Iwo Jima. Arriving on February 19 as the initial landings were underway, the battleship quickly assumed a position offshore and commenced striking Japanese targets. It continued to support operations ashore until March 4 when it departed for the Caroline Islands. Assigned to Task Force 54, West Virginia sailed to support the invasion of Okinawa on March 21. On April 1, while covering the Allied landings, the battleship sustained a kamikaze hit which killed 4 and wounded 23. As the damage to West Virginia was not critical, it remained on station. Steaming north with TF54 on April 7, the battleship sought to block Operation Ten-Go which included the Japanese battleship Yamato. This effort was halted by American carrier planes before TF54 arrived. Resuming its naval gunfire support role, West Virginia stayed off Okinawa until April 28 when it departed for Ulithi.   This break proved brief and the battleship quickly returned to the battle area where it remained until end of the campaign in late June.   Following training in Leyte Gulf in July, West Virginia returned to Okinawa in early August and soon learned of the end of hostilities. Steaming north, the battleship was present in Tokyo Bay on September 2 for the formal Japanese surrender. Embarking passengers for the United States twelve days later, West Virginia touched at Okinawa and Pearl Harbor before reaching San Diego on October 22. Final Actions After taking part in Navy Day festivities, West Virginia sailed for Pearl Harbor on October 30 to serve in Operation Magic Carpet. Tasked with returning American servicemen to the United States, the battleship made three runs between Hawaii and the West Coast before receiving orders to proceed to Puget Sound. Arriving, on January 12, West Virginia commenced activities to deactivate the vessel. A year later on January 9, 1947, the battleship was decommissioned and placed in reserve. West Virginia remained in mothballs until being sold for scrap on August 24, 1959.

Zionism in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Zionism in the Middle East - Essay Example The essay "Zionism in the Middle East" describes the basis of the political movement Zionism and the position of this movement in today world. Zionism started as a nationalist movement supporting the re-establishment of Jews and is often perceived as an activity dominated by violence. The movement gained acceleration especially after the break-up of the Ottoman Empire and the British Balfour Declaration, which guaranteed a homeland for the Jews in exchange for certain services to the British Empire. The proposed Jewish homeland was authorized and created after the end of World War II, with a precondition that it would not be created at the expense of the majority Arab population of Palestine. The subsequent policies adopted by the United Nations have been severely criticized for its anti-humanistic treatment of the Palestinian Arabs, the large-scale destruction of their houses and property, and several other incidents that clearly violated and disregarded the international law. Post the infamous holocaust, at the hands of the Nazis, the Jews gained widespread support and sympathy and were then forced to flee their homes in Eastern Europe to settle in Palestine, where they remained a minority community. Alarmed by such large-scale influx of foreign residents, the Palestinian Arabs showed resistance in lending their support to these refugees. Soon they were overcome by the power of the Zionist armed forces, which used their powers and arms to â€Å"cleanse† the land of Arabs and create a homeland for themselves.

SLP 4 When a company does not have a large IT department Essay

SLP 4 When a company does not have a large IT department - Essay Example Information System Planning and Selection for the company that is represented in this particular case study wholeheartedly claims that they have readily available functional specialists to assist customers that their services consist of, "information system (ERP) needs analysis, functional specifications, development of a Request For Proposal, evaluation of responses, vendor selection, and contract negotiations. For existing information systems, we will assess current performance and expectations against end-user needs, and develop short term and long term plans for improvement" (Education, 2008). With regard to higher education (which is their specialty), here are several projects that a prospective customer can choose from when it comes to Information System Planning and Selection. ... Judging from their list, they offer a lot more as far as services as our company does. Leveraging a powerful combination of the best industry-proven practices and leading standards, strategic vision, a vast spectrum of technical and technological competencies, Softerra offers its clients a comprehensive suite of IT services including Strategic Business Planning, Software Consulting, Software Design, Project Management Resources, Re-engineering, Software Upgrades and Website Enhancement, and Rapid Application Development, Custom Software Development, Custom Web Application and Development, Custom Database Design along with Development and Marketing, PDA Software Development, Custom Web Page Design and Original Artwork, and Information Technology Consulting. This is not an all-inclusive list, which is even more impressive (EduTech, 2008). The third directly competing company that was located was IBS. "IBS relevant IT consulting services to mid-size and Fortune 500 companies alike" (Softerra, 2008). Their main competencies include .NET and Java Development and Integration, Custom Development Solutions, Data Management Solutions, Information Worker Solutions, Advanced Infrastructure Solutions, Advanced Infrastructure Solutions, and more. A particularly intriguing company was Gatesix. They are known as a virtual consulting firm, serving the online community. According to their website: A smart company concentrates on its core business competency and leaves other tasks to those with specific expertise. Let the specialists at Gatesix save your company valuable timewith expert technology consulting. Our consulting staff will help smooth your

Keeping up with the Jones :: essays research papers

The expression, â€Å"Keeping up with the Joneses† a very common quote that, Juliet Schor, used in her work, The New Politics of Consumption, could not fit a society more. The average household debt excluding mortgage is estimated fifteen thousand dollars, eight thousand of that debt comes from credit cards. (Paul Bannister, bankrate.com) Credit cards are becoming a huge problem in our society that it is affecting more than just consumerism. It’s affecting the way we live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everywhere public place you go it is hard not to run in to the idea of the credit card. You will see credit card logos on the front of every business. Every department store you go in has it’s own version of a credit card from Target to Macy’s. The Diner’s Club Card that originally was only for businessmen to eat lunch at 27 different restaurants. Now it is accepted almost everywhere. And for everything else there’s Mastercard†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(or Visa, Discover Card orAmerican Express. Currently there are 1.2 billion active credit cards used in the United States. A typical purchase on a credit card cost more than 112% then a purchase paid for by cash. Americans are not only purchasing items on their credit cards as they go on shopping sprees. They are now paying their rent, tuition, utilities, car payments, and anything else they can think of. 9 in 10 credit cards users say that their credit card debt is nothing they worry about, but 47% of these people refused to tell a friend exactly how much they owe. (Paul Bannister, bankrate.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Initially when people receive a credit card they state that it is for â€Å"emergency purposes only†. However, that does not seem to be the case. For some, keeping up with the Joneses is an emergency. Heaven forbid, a sale at the GAP. Fewer people are saving money. Instead they rely on the plastic. However, the average credit card holder pays $1200 just in credit card interest. You would think that those individual would figure this out and start putting that $1200 into saving for â€Å"emergency purposes only†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems odd that so many people say that they their credit card debt is nothing they worry about. When people have been filing bankruptcy more and more. In 1991, the rate of 25 years and under that filed for as rose to 50%. Maybe this has to do with so many Universities and Colleges allowing banks and credit card companies to hound financial uneducated students on campuses with promises of a free calling card or hopes of winning a plasma TV for their dorm room.

Founding Fathers of Psychology Essay

These four men that we are about to talk about are some of the, if not the most important people in psychology. One developed psychology as a school of thought and published the first book on the subject which opened the door for another to develop his theories. Years after the book came out another thinker was inspired to look into the human mind and this time with a more scientifically critical mind and approach, there was a common reason people had problem, he just was not positive what. This lead two of his students to move on and one focus on the individual versus what the majority has a problem with and made sure that treatment focused on them. The second looked more in depth into what naturally came into our subconscious and how that affected us and our development. These were the non-official founding fathers of psychology. This man never even practiced medicine yet, after graduating from Harvard he went on to become an influential person in psychology (Stone, 2000). In addition to many other things that William James did to help with the field of psychology, especially the psychological aspects of religion he also dabbled in the use of scientific methods to investigate the mostly untouched spiritual and psychic realm. He was also the first one to fight for psychology to be recognized as a science, everyone after him has him to thank for the distinction as a science (Croce, 2010). The way he fought was just a more unorthodox way of going about it, he did not even like to be called psychologist, in fact he preferred the term philosopher (Goodwin, 2008). He eventually developed a position that would become the foundation for the functional psychologists, this was known as pragmatism. This was based on the belief that a person had control over what they do and life changes those experiences. This lead to a book that would change the way people looked at psychology as something to take seriously, the Principles of Psychology became the first text book type publication on this subject which led to people like Sigmund Freud and others to develop their theories as well. Freud is one of the most famous of them all, when anyone thinks of psychology that has not looking in depth into its history will always think of Freud. Freud was not all the way people portray him either if something seemed to be too damaging for his patient it was stopped (Chessick, 2000). Psychoanalysis is hard on everyone on the situation because it digs deep into what makes a person act the way they do. Freud was said to have a unique approach to his patients for his time frame. He realized that when a person learns something new or experiences something new it does indeed change something about that person, he also knew that the past had something do with it and that there were layers of consciousness to a person that has an effect as well. He made them a part of their therapy and listened to what they wanted out of their therapy instead of dictating to them what they should do with themselves (Frank, 2008). He wanted his patients to be able to be free with themselves and learning their own hindrances that may keep them from doing something that they should be doing with themselves. He wanted them to be their own person and not held back by whatever has brought them to him. Freud himself focused more on assigning a general reason for people to behave the way they did which is what influenced his students to branch out. Alfred Adler joined Freud’s psychoanalytic movement in 1902, but he left the group in 1911 because of persistent disagreements with Freudian theory (Overholser, 2010). This approach that Adler created was called the Individualistic approach this approach focuses solely on the patient and what experiences have shaped them over the course of their life. This is one of the most in depth ways to psychoanalyze people, realizing the perceived flaw in Freud’s theory; he took a look at what made the individual unique and how that changed their human experience. This helps improve the one so that eventually that one will go out into society and become responsible for themselves and each other as good members of it. Adler continued to believe that Freud had made a point by looking back at ones childhood for answers but rather than focusing on the sexual root to the problem, he focused on the feelings that came out of a situation (Lafountain, 2009). For example, if one grew up afraid to take charge of situations because someone else always did it for them, they could have trouble later in life trying to be in charge of themselves or other people. After studying with Freud he went on to focus on how society affects an individual and how that individual functions in society. He believed there were three things a person needed to accomplish in life to be a healthy socially minded person. First is the task of finding how to survive, a job, maintaining ones house, the responsible things. Second is cooperating and being civil as well as respectful to society. Third are intimate relationships, having children, friends, a spouse. All three of these were crucial to being a normally functioning person in society (Lafountain, 2010). Basically a person is unique in nearly all aspects of their life and that needs to be taken into account in each and every case from psychology to teaching because not everyone is going to fit together well. Carl Jung, as with Adler was inspired and influenced by Freud in the early years of his career and as with that came the eventual disagreement and him going his separate way. He redefined some of terms that we are more familiar with today. He gave us the terms; introvert, extrovert, conscious, unconscious, collective unconscious, persona, archetype, and more importantly psyche. These were terms to simplify and classify different processes going on in the brain at any given moment, one of the other more important and less verifiable is the theory of collective unconsciousness, this is the belief that collectively humans have a psychological knowledge that they can draw on that is inherent in our genetic make-up (Carter, 2011). This was closely followed by the archetypes which without collective unconscious as a theory would not be feasible, the archetypes are what those thoughts are made up of in the collective unconscious, something like innate nature that says we are inherently supposed to fear things that would do us harm. Studying this brings out what is instinctual in humans versus what is something that they are aware of doing, much like Freud’s subconscious thought theory. Both agreed that there are things that are in humans that are unconscious and just happen and those needed to be studied and understood as well (Carter, 2010). Jungian followers believed that like Freud dreams had meaning but in Jung’s school this allowed the person analyzing the dreams to free associate the meaning based off of their own knowledge of mythology and life versus what would be from the person who is being analyzed own life. The thought was that collective unconscious would make the analyst come to the correct conclusion based on unconscious thoughts going back and forth between the two. These four individuals shaped psychology as what it is today, they both indirectly and directly influenced each other even when some of them never met and history has diminished their accomplishments. James started it all with the mind of a philosopher who enjoyed the concreteness of what science proved but also the mystery of what it left open. Freud was a philosopher who thought more as a scientist and therefore opened the idea that the brain has hidden information in it that needed to be discovered to learn what makes a person themselves. This led Jung and Adler to take his ideals and expand on them where they agreed and where they disagreed. Without them psychology would not be where it is today and you can see little bits of what they contributed throughout its history. . References  Carter, D. (2011). 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